Target Case Ananlysis

Target Corporation| Patrick Caine March 18, 2013| BUS428A Seminar in Financial Management| ————————————————- RECOMMENDATION After careful review and analysis of the five projects I would rank the projects in the following order of attractiveness: 1) The Barn 2) Whalen Court 3) Gopher Place 4) Stadium Remodel 5) Goldie’s Square. I came to this conclusion by taking into account the projects NPV and IRR given the size of the investment, opportunity market/growth, and with the overall goal of adding 100 new stores a year while maintaining.The Barn was my first choice because it had the highest IRR and second highest NPV given a not so large investment. Whalen Court has the highest NPV and offers favorable market share opportunities and demographics. These first two are considered good options to continue Targets growth. Gopher Place has attractive IRR and NPV comparable to the prototype, while giving Target market share. Also the population growth and median income demographics are favorable.The next opportunity is in the mediocre category, Stadium remodel, with the 3rd highest IRR and 4th NPV, but has higher risks as the store is deteriorating and has sales declines, which could hurt brand image. Also the stores have been remodeled twice already. This investment might be a good idea to keep the store afloat or it might have to be closed. Finally Goldie’s Square has the lowest NPV and IRR of the projects, declining market share, and the impact of the project won’t be seen till the third year. ————————————————- BACKGROUNDIt is November 2006, and CFO Doug Scovanner has to review five projects along with other members of the Capital Expenditure Committee, after five projects have already been accepted. Targets management has an overarching goal to create 100 new stores a year while maintaining their strong brand image and reputation. The investment decisions should be ranked according to their value to Target, 1-5. The analysis should include review of P/L, NPV, IRR, demographics, market share, sensitivity and variance to the prototype. ————————————————- ANALYSE Industry Analysis T. M. | Pricing Strategy| Buying Experience| Costs of Shopping| Target| Educated / savvy shopper| Expect more pay less| Just the right shopping| Slightly more| Wal-mart| Bargain hunter| Everyday low price| Barebones| Low-pricing| Costco| Bulk buyer| Discounts on bulk buying| Warehouse| Membership fee + low prices| As the case states, the intense competition in the retail market and has led to prices being driven down to almost cost, resulting in very small margins. This causes the companies to focus on every part of the ir business, including how they want to brand themselves to consumers.This chart above gives a brief look at that picture. Sales growth stem from creation of new stores and organic growth through existing stores. Though new stores are expensive to build, they are needed to access new markets and represent profit potential. Walmart Operates store formats similar to Target, and most Target stores operate in areas where one of more Walmart store is located. Also, the merchandising assortment overlaps on many of the same items, such as food, commodities, electronics, toys and sporting goods.The success of Walmart is attributed to the â€Å"every day low price† pricing strategy, which also drove local independent retailers out of business. Costco Costco attracts a customer base that overlaps with Target’s core customer. However, there is less overlap with respect to trade area and merchandising between Costco and Target than Walmart and Target. Costco also requires a member ship to shop in the store, where Target and Walmart do not. Costco provides discount pricing for its members who all buy in bulk for membership fees in return. In 2005 the fees equaled 2% of total revenue and 72. % of operating income. This shows how important those fees can be in a high competition and low margin market. Target Target emphasizes the customer experience and has the slogan â€Å"Expect more. Pay less. † They have been promoting their brand awareness through large advertising campaigns. The advertising expenses in 2005 were 2% of sales of 26. 6% of operating profits. Brand and store/product quality play a larger role for Target than Walmart. Target also offers a credit card, which accounted for 14. 8% of targets operating earnings and is important in the evaluation of each project. ———————————————— PROJECT ANALYSIS AND SUMMARY The Barn The project has the highest IRR, 16. 4% and the second highest NPV of $20,500. The NPV on this project is not highly sensitive. The location offers the incentive of have no nearby stores, creating a new market for Target. Additionally it requires the smallest investment amount out of the five projects. However, the market doesn’t have the ideal target demographics with only 17% of adults have earned a college degree, slow general population growth and lower income individuals Whalen CourtThe project gives target the opportunity to move into an urban center, where it will not have to compete directly with other Target stores, coinciding with managements goals . The project has the highest NPV at $25,900. The project has the second lowest IRR, of 9. 8% and needs 1. 9% more sales in order to reach the total store prototype. On the other hand this project requires the largest investment of $119M (which would need board approval). This cost would be offset by the brand image to an urban area wit h a lot of people. Finally the building would be leased instead of owned, which might have long tern consequences.Gopher Place The project has the second highest IRR of 12. 3% relative to all of the capital project requests. The NPV of the project is above the prototype and represents an investment of $23M. The demographics in this area are attractive with 27% population growth and a median household income of $56,000. Transfer sales or cannibalization is estimated at 19% of sales from the proposed area, as there are other Target stores in the areas. There are also two new Walmart Super Stores in the area, which could pose as threat to competition and prices.Additionally the effects of the project wouldn’t be felt until the third year, where incremental sales would increase significantly. Stadium Remodel The store has been in place since 1972 and has a very affluent market, where the median income is $65,921. About 42% of the market have taken 4+ years of college, which is th e second highest of the projects. The $17m investment would lift the lagging sales about 17% and potentially increase the brand image. On the other hand, the store has been remodel twice since 1972. The NPV is also very sensitive to sales decline, as can be seen in the sensitivity analysis graph.Goldie’s Square The area is considered a key strategic location for many retailers. Population growth is moderate at 16% with a median income of $56,000 and a quarter of the people holding a college degree. The project also has a low NPV sensitivity. However, a 45. 1% increase in forecasted sales is required to meet the prototype. The project also has the lowest NPV and IRR of all the projects being considered. Additionally, there are 12 existing Target stores operating in the market, which could potentially lead to high cannibalization.Transfer sales or cannibalization is estimated at 19% of sales from the proposed area. As a result of this competition, low sales forecasts are projec ted. ————————————————- SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS Gopher Place with initial investment $23m | IRR| NPV| Total| 12. 3%| $16,755| 10% Sales Decline| 10. 5%| $12,033| 10% Sales Increase| 13. 5%| $21,376| Whalen Court with initial investment $119. 3m | IRR| NPV| Total| 9. 8%| $25,875| 10% Sales Decline| 8. 8%| $9,264| 10% Sales Increase| 10. 8%| $42,522| The Barn with initial investment $13m IRR| NPV| Total| 16. 4%| $20,527| 10% Sales Decline| 14. 5%| $16,461| 10% Sales Increase| 18. 3%| $24,623| Goldie’s Square with initial investment $23. 9m | IRR| NPV| Total| 8. 1%| $317| 10% Sales Decline| 7%| $-3,765| 10% Sales Increase| 9. 2%| $4,325| Stadium Remodel with initial investment $17m | IRR| NPV| Total| 10. 8%| $15,739| 10% Sales Decline| 9%| $7,854| 10% Sales Increase| 12. 3%| $9,523| Given the table above for IRR and NPV sensitivity to changes in sales, Whalen Court seems t o be the most affected with large upside potential.Other than that, the projects seem to have to same negative and positive implications given a change in sales. ————————————————- QUESTIONS 1) If all else equal, and you have to decide between two projects one with a higher IRR and the other with a higher NPV, which would you favor? 2) How have population growth, income, and college degrees impacted your analysis of the projects? 3) How would different discount rates for store and credit card CF affect your recommendations? ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Target Corp. Case 19 [ 2 ]. Target Case

Employment and Line Management Essay

†¢1.1 Communication is a vital thing in the workshop, it is very important so that jobs are done productively and correctly. If the communication in the workshop was poor mistakes would Begin to take place and accidents could occur. †¢1.2 The different methods of communication to the line management and colleagues are by talking to one another, team meetings, by telephone and even letters. In busy circumstances its best to use the telephone as its time efficient instead of wondering around searching for people. †¢1.3 The different methods of communication to my and colleagues are by talking to one another, team meetings, by telephone, letters and even hand signals. These are all helpful in different circumstances such as when its extremely noisy in the workshop and a person is on the other side of the workshop, hand signals would be best in that situation. †¢2.1 To plan my sequence of work from the relevant information I am given I find out what materials I require, what tools I need to assist me through the job and what PPE I need to protect me from the dangers. †¢2.2 When starting a new job I firstly look for any mistakes in the drawing, once I am satisfied I then carry on by finding out what materials I require to complete the job and then finally retrieve all of my tools that I need to assist me through the work process until I complete the job. †¢2.3 Work is carried out to the workshop using job plans, risk assessments and all other procedures. The resources that I use are job sheets, shop plans, time sheets and drawings. To reduce carbon emissions, there is an extraction system installed into the workshop. †¢2.4 The way our workshop contributes to a low carbon emission environment is that we have extraction systems built throughout the workshop to keep the emission levels at a low level. †¢3.1 The required relevant documentation that I provide is my time sheet. It shows the amount of hours I have spent on a job so that the consultants can then get a price to give to the customers. †¢3.2 I maintain my drawings and time sheets by keeping them in a locked draw. Time sheets are required to be filled in and complete every week and has to be submitted on a Monday morning before 8:00am. †¢3.3 If I do not ensure that my time sheets are not handed in on time, I will not get paid at the end of the week. With my job sheets, if it’s not complete within the given hours the customer has to pay more as the labour cost raises. †¢4.1 I am very able to work productively to the agreed specification and inline with the line management, colleagues and relevant people involved by finding out if they are pleased with the work produced and the quality. †¢4.2 I find that everyone is equal and that no one should be treated different. People tend to treat apprentices with less respect than others as they are not qualified and think they are not capable. Apprentice or not, people should not be treated different. †¢4.3 To maintain a good working relationship in my place of work I do the work that is asked of me and in the required time and in a good quality. With individuals I get on with them by being polite and cleaning after myself. †¢4.4 I think it’s good to keep a good working relation ship with the line management and colleagues as it doesn’t make it a challenge to talk to them or ask them for any information that is required. †¢4.5 Getting on with the line management and other working colleagues is important because it can make your time there difficult and non bearable. It also doesn’t make it a challenge when needing to ask for information or a specification. †¢4.6 When working with others you must never treat them any different than you would like to be treated. You should never talk down to people or think of them as lower than you.

Art for Arts Sake

A study of John Ruskin and Oscar Wilde’s Views on Art In the late nineteenth century a movement known as â€Å"Art for Art’s Sake† occurred, which consists of the appreciation of art for what it truly is; just art. At that time many critics tried to find moral and intellectual meanings within works of art. Many artists united to defend art, two authors who defend the concept of art are John Ruskin and Oscar Wilde. In his work From The Stones of Venice, John Ruskin exults and admires gothic architecture because its gives the artist the freedom of creativity and self-expression. In his preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray, Oscar Wilde alike Ruskin defends the concept that art is â€Å"useless† and that it must be admired for what it is, which is just simply art. The following goes into more detail on the ideas Ruskin and Wilde have on art. In From the Stones of Venice [The Savageness of Gothic Architecture], John Ruskin presents his fondness for Gothic architecture because of the freedom it gives to man, he also points out that he finds southern Europe more appealing than Northern Europe because it is darker. In the following, Ruskin presents the system of architectural ornaments; in which he particularly prefers revolutionary ornaments because there is no difference between the architect and the workers and so they are all equal. The following passage presents each system: The systems of architectural ornament, properly so called, might be divided into three:1. Servile ornament, in which the execution or power of the inferior workman is entirely subjected to the intellect of the higher; 2. Constitutional ornament, in which the executive inferior power is, to a certain point, emancipated and independent, having a will of its own, yet confessing its inferiority and rendering obedience to higher powers; and 3. Revolutionary ornament, in which no executive inferiority is admitted at all. (Ruskin, 1326) John Ruskin goes on to elaborate his favoritism of imperfection. For Ruskin something that is perfect does not mean that is good and that the search for perfection is weakness and that passion for perfection will lead to the slavery of the mind. Ruskin believes that mental slavery is far worse than physical slavery; for Ruskin gothic ornaments such as gargoyles and goblins are signs of liberty and gives the worker a certain level of independence. Ruskin elaborates â€Å"accurately speaking, no good work whatever can be perfect and the demand for perfection is always a sign of a misunderstanding of the ends of art† (Ruskin, 1333). For him, imperfection is far more superior to the quest of perfection. In the eyes or Ruskin, art must be imperfect and it must be noble; he points out â€Å"A most important truth, that no architecture can be truly noble which is not imperfect† (Ruskin, 1333). His reasons for loving imperfection, is because nothing in nature or in life is perfect and so art must reflect that. John Ruskin ends his work by expressing his thoughts on art in the following passage â€Å"Accept this then, for a universal law, that neither architecture nor any other noble work of man can be good unless it be imperfect†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Ruskin, 1334). In Preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray, Oscar Wilde alike Ruskin defends art for what it is. Wilde commences by pointing or that â€Å"The artist is a creator of beautiful things†¦. Those who find ugly meanings in beautiful things are corrupt without being charming† (Wilde, 1697). Wilde embodies the â€Å"Art for Art sake† movement with this passage because he elaborates that artist create beautiful things for the enjoyment and that those who try to find a more intellectual meaning behind it are corrupt. Wilde goes on to defend imperfection just as John Ruskin, he presents his thoughts of morality and imperfection in the following â€Å" The moral life of man forms part of the subject matter of the artist, but the morality of art consists in the perfect use of an imperfect medium†(Wilde, 1698). In this passage, Wilde points out that morality and art are two separate things and they both form a part of the life of the artist; there is no connection between art and moral. Oscar Wilde believes that the artificial is better than nature because unlike nature that changes and withers, art captures a moment and preserves it. For him, the form is only important and the content does not matter. The most important part of his work is at the very end in which Wilde elaborates the following â€Å"The only excuse for making a useless thing is that one admires it intensely. All art is quite useless† (Wilde, 1698). Oscar Wilde does not literally mean that art is useless but rather that art is made for admiration and so it must be enjoyed for what it is and not be used to find a deeper meaning. John Ruskin and Oscar Wilde embody the â€Å"Art for Art’s sake† movement because they enjoy art for what it is, which is simply art. They both rejected the concept that art has to be studied because it holds a deeper moral lesson. For them, true beauty lies in the imperfection, because in life nothing is truly perfect. Wilde and Ruskin believe that art is a form of liberation and freedom; for them art is created to be admired and enjoyed.

Coaching process Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Coaching process - Literature review Example However, natural skill or talent will not be enough for an individual to optimally perform in any sport. With so much at stake in sports events including country’s honour, professional life of the sportspersons, fan expectations, etc, etc, individual or the individuals (team) involved in any sport need specialized tuning up or if aptly said coaching to elevate their skill to the expected levels of the competition. So, sports teams are using the services of experienced, equipped and talented individuals or experts to coach their under-skilled or underperforming members as well as further tuning the performing players. This role of coach will discussed as part of the literature review, with focus also on different coaching styles for different situations and the differentiation that exists within sports coaching. The term â€Å"coaching† is used when one individual teaches or trains another individual or group of individuals in certain aspects, in which they are failing short, by contributing physically, mentally, technically and also emotionally. The international coaching accrediting body the International Coach Federation (ICF) defines coaching as, â€Å" an ongoing partnership that helps [people] produce fulfilling results in their personal and professional lives and†¦deepen their learning, improve their performance, and enhance their quality of life†. So, coaching is mainly given as part of acquiring the lacking aspects, as demonstrated from its origins in sport. That is, term coaching came into popular parlance, when sports teams all over the world had a â€Å"head person†, who observed how the players in the team played the game and corrected any weaker aspects. â€Å"By late 1800, in the US, most college sports team employed coaches as well as managers and by the 20th Century, non-sporting coaches were emerging, those who were not specifically experts in the skills of their clients but who

Article Summary ( Financial Planning and Accounting) Essay

Article Summary ( Financial Planning and Accounting) - Essay Example The accountant is the major channel through which quantitative information flows to management† (Lynch & Williamson, 1976, 6). The essay aims to address the following questions after a review of three articles on the subject of finance, accounting or ethical standards, to wit: (1) discuss the key differences in accounting and finance; (2) discuss the types of reports accounting and finance personnel generate and the purpose of the reports; and (3) compare and contrast the types of business decisions that can be made using accounting and finance information. Key Differences in Accounting and Finance Dr. Castro of LeTourneau University briefly presented the differences in accounting and finance by examining their primary functions. Accordingly, accounting is focused on the development and generation of data that measure the accurate quantitative performance of an organization, evaluating its financial status, and to compute for the taxes the firm has to pay.

Molecular and ellular Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Molecular and ellular Biology - Essay Example Genes may be incorporated into bacteria, plants or animals. In this process recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology is used to incorporate gene of interest into organisms and that organism in which gene is inserted is said to be genetically engineered. Through this process off springs with unique characters are produced. Recombinant DNA is also referred to as Chimera. By the combination of two different strands of DNA a new strand of DNA is obtained. The first step in genetic engineering involved the production of hormone insulin which is important and helps the cells to properly absorb sugar. In recombinant DNA technology recombinant DNA is made by splicing a small fragment of a foreign DNA into a small molecule that can replicate on its own such as bacterial plasmid as a result a clone of inserted DNA can be obtained. AN organism that receives a foreign DNA is called transgenic organism and these organisms can be used in research or in commercial applications such as production of human insulin in transgenic bacteria (which receives genes from human responsible for the production of insulin). This application gives the idea that how important DNA recombinant technology is.(Recombinant DNA technology). Two classes of enzymes play an important role in DNA recombinant technology. Restriction endonucleases: They recognize specific sites on DNA and cleave DNA at that site into smaller fragments. DNA ligases: They link the foreign DNA with the vector DNA. Cloning of DNA involves the following steps: 1: First step in making recombinant DNA is to isolate donor and vector DNA. 2: Cloning vector is cleaved with restriction endonucleases. 3: gene of interest is obtained by cleaving chromosome of foreign DNA with the same restriction endonuclease into smaller fragments. 4: Fragments are ligated to the cloning vector by DNA ligase as a result a recombinant vector is obtained. 5: This recombinant DNA is introduced into the host cell where it replicates and produces copies of recombinant DNA. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry fourth edition). Recombinant DNA technology in the synthesis of insulin: Insulin is an important hormone which regulates the storage of carbohydrates in the body. It is secreted by the beta cells present in the pancreas islets of langerhans. Insulin is a small protein and is composed of two polypeptide chains which are linked together by disulfide bonds. When blood glucose level is high insulin is secreted into the blood stream and removes excess of glucose from the body. Human insulin is the only known protein which can be produced in bacteria by DNA recombinant technology in a way that its structure and composition resembles the original molecule. In diabetes patients problems are associated with the production of insulin due to which sugar increases to dangerous levels which could be life threatening. These patients are treated with insulin which is produced in another organism. Although insulin can be produced in animals whose insulin resembles human insulin in terms of composition with minor variations like bovine and porcine insulin but, it was observed that when bovine and porcine insulin were injected into the patient’s body antibodies were produced against them thereby, neutralizing it’s action and producing inflammatory response at the site of injection. These problems suggest that a suitable vector like E.coli could be used to produce insulin. E.coli is a common inhabi tant of the human digestive tract and is a key organism used in the production of insulin by genetic engineering. Following are the steps involved in the production of insulin from a bacterial host. 1: Isolate gene: The gene that produces insulin in human is isolated and is

Solving Eurozone Financial Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Solving Eurozone Financial Crisis - Essay Example For Buruma to suggest a political solution is a wild unrealistic dream since European region is synonymous with self-centered political and democratic interests. Indeed, a flashback on causes of World War 1 and World War 2 had the strong political correlation that has since then made states more cautious on interstate politics and democracy issues. Zakaria, on the other hand, suggests a workable financial solution to Greek’s financial nightmare. Bailouts and financial restructuring have not worked so far largely because they have not provided favorable economic growth for Greece. Greece and Italy crisis is not just a problem of respective countries but a financially cancerous disease for entire Europe. Europe can only resuscitate Greece’s economy by enabling Greece to attract capital and investments whilst keeping wage bill within manageable limits. The moment Greece starts recording positive economic growth, recovery will be guaranteed. This approach is highly likely t o succeed since it does not require dramatic political and democratic restructuring of entire Europe zone. In simple terms, it is better to show Greece â€Å"how to fish† instead of â€Å"lending them a fish† every time they are hungry.

Explain the Meaning of the Four Noble Truths Essay

Explain the Meaning of the Four Noble Truths - Essay Example This truth helps us understand that we should be realistic and seek to better understand suffering inorder to lessen it when it occurs (Molloy 133). The Second Truth: Suffering generally comes from Desire When Buddha took the time to analyze suffering, he found that it is often experienced due to our nature that is rarely satisfied what we may happen to have. The Sanskrit word â€Å"trishna† can invariably be translated to mean craving which is seen to suggest both the fear of loss as well as an addiction (Molloy 133). The Third Truth: To Ending Desire will End Suffering Although this truth is seen to generally contradict a number of western notions that encourage one to try and achieve every imaginable desire, its guiding principles are seen to essentially be true. Buddha himself left his family and possessions and taught his followers that their desire for any form of attachments would invariably result in their suffering. Although it might be impossible or difficult to chan ge the entire outside world, I can be able to sufficiently change how I view the outside world by changing myself (Molloy 133). The Fourth Noble Truth: Release from Suffering is Possible The ultimate goal of the entire Buddhism religion is for one to be able to attain nirvana which suggest inner peace, liberation as well as the end of suffering. One is able to obtain self-control and not be driven by emotional forces. Buddhist followers are generally encouraged to try and follow the noble Eight fold Path as it is perceived that this will aid them in the attainment of nirvana (Molloy 134). What is Nirvana? As is often common in Hinduism, the outside everyday world that experiences constant change is also referred to as samsara in Buddhism. This term is seen to suggest both pain and decay and according to Buddhist teachings, one is able to eventually be liberated from Samsara by attaining Nirvana. It is widely believed that Nirvana is essentially a state where one is able to exist wit hout experiencing any limitations. Although there exists a misconception among most individuals in the West who commonly think of nirvana as being a psychological state mainly because it is often described as helping evoke both peace and joy, nirvana is found to better be thought of as being generally indescribable and largely beyond all the possible psychological states (Molloy 139-140). Why is Nirvana Important? Although the actual attainment of nirvana is seen to occur rather rarely, it is generally theoretically very possible for one to be able to attain this much sought after state within their lifetime. Buddha himself is said to have only managed to finally entire nirvana at the time of his enlightenment. Most Buddhists seek to attain nirvana due to the promise of peace and contentment that is offered. Nirvana is also important as it effectively signifies the end of an individual’s circle of constant rebirth and death. It is a common belief in most cultures inclusive of Buddhism that one is essentially born a number of times before their current life (Molloy 139-140). What are the Basic Differences between the Theravada and the Mahayana Buddhists? Although Mahayana Buddhists and the Theravada Buddhists happen to share essentially similar core beliefs and have an essentially identical devotion to both the teachings and the life of Buddha, there a number of differences existing between the two branches of Buddhism. A key difference is that while Theravada Buddhism is found to be more widespread in the South East Asia regions and is widely believed to essentially be older and close to the original form of Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhism

Memento - Christopher Nolan's Theme of Vengeance for the Death and Movie Review - 2

Memento - Christopher Nolan's Theme of Vengeance for the Death and Dishonesty - Movie Review Example This paper focuses on describing how the film is shot and how this affects audience perception of the action. It further discusses how this affects audience perception of short-term memory. This film is shot in a manner where it begins with the film’s end scene and ends with the characters describing or resolving events or issues presented, in the film, which is actually never explained fully. This unique non-linear narrative structure matches Shelby’s character and behavior. This is because he remembers events and issues in short increments of time, but continues with the pursuit for his wife’s murderers. In this context, the viewers perceive the film just like Shelby perceives life, which is broken and out of order, but later makes sense through Shelby’s restrictive narrations, multiple story plots and a number of close-ups of clues (Memento). Additionally, the manner in which the film was edited also disturbs audience understanding of the storyline. Thi s is because it is narrated in a backward direction with scenes flushing backward with the increments of the story time.   This trend continues and maintains until the film ends, where the audience meets the beginning of Shelby’s narration.Different scenes are also presented in different colors in a reverse order sequence plot with each signifying fifteen minutes of story time. These reverse order sequence scenes from the key plot of Shelby’s investigation to find John G. Additionally, main segments are separated by shorter segments, which are presented in black and white scenes in a sequential order that form one sub-plot where Shelby is continually conversing to a mysterious policeman through the phone (Memento). This sub-plot represents Sammy Jankis’s story, a man who has no short-term memory like Shelby. A chronological sequence cuts short the reverse order sequence after every few minutes. This is particularly done to make the film comprehensive. The prod ucer has managed to connect two reverse order scenes by including the first few seconds of a scene at the end of the subsequent scene.

Communication in the workplace Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communication in the workplace - Case Study Example Communication can be defined as information transfer to receiver from sender under the condition of transmitted message being thoroughly understood by receiver. Business communication can be internal or external but in this study internal organizational communication shall be highlighted. Communication is ever changing and dynamic. It can be categorized into transmission of verbal and non-verbal messages. Trade union is representatives of employees and they should be able to effectively communicate their issues to management. Bad communication between top management and trade union in Maestro Fits has resulted into workplace conflict. The issue started off in 15th November when management had taken decision to close internal restaurant. 30th November had been decided as the closing date. However trade union president sent a letter to top management on 28th requesting shift in the date. The reason behind this was three employees were working there on a part-time basis. Top management replied that trade union would be given responsibility of structuring a business plan for the new restaurant and forming a new worker’s group. Since business plan was not developed by trade union so worker’s group proposed an idea of donating 2 convertible marks by employees per day. A voting poll was organized by trade union where 325 employees supported the donation idea, 188 were against it and 186 employees did not cast any vote. The results were then forwarded to working group stating that trade union shall not insist restaurant formation due to less than 50% of employees in favor of the idea (Ferrante, 2010). On the other hand, top management already had taken decision regarding decrease in employee’s salaries. This decision came into existence on 10th December 2013. The major reason behind this was lack of financial support due to no new business contracts. Trade union strictly opposed this decision. This case study problem clearly reveals

Marked or Unmarked Essay Example for Free

Marked or Unmarked Essay Marked or Unmarked status for both men and women still remains to be an indirect type of cultural norm practiced by different societies. This type of connotation often is a manifestation of collective practices, actions, and norms promoted by a certain society. This is one of the facets that separate us from every other specie in the world – our ability to create meanings out of something. With this, one can clearly just say that there could be no such thing as an unmarked woman. But, for it to hold ground there must be sufficient explanations and arguments that would justify the particular claim. It is thus important for an elaboration the difficulty of creating an unmarked woman. The first important thing is to establish the real meaning of the concept. One can see that the real debate concerns again the inequality of achieving a marked or unmarked status between male and female. Tannen argues in the article that marked â€Å"refers to the way language alters the base meaning of a word by adding a linguistic particle that has no meaning on its own† (p. 1). On one hand we see again the way man has created meaning over symbols to the extent of even creating one over nothingness. This argument goes to show that only men are subject to be unmarked. Tannen mentions that â€Å"the unmarked forms of most English words also convey male† (p. 1). Seeing such definition, there is a sexual distinction to people who are unmarked (male) and those who are â€Å"marked† (female). Though there seems to be no problem with such sexual distinction, problems often arises when different interpretations go into the picture. Tannen points out several important characteristics on as to why such distinctions became so eminent among women. The tendency of women to be criticized for their every action subjects them to the notion that they are indeed marked. Tannen elaborates this claim by pursuing the way people perceive women’s hairstyle. According to (Tannen) â€Å"the range of women’s hair styles are staggering, but women whose hair has no particular style is perceived as not caring about how she looks, which can disqualify her for many positions, and will subtly diminish her as a person in the eyes of some† (p. 1). Such example only proves one thing for women; it is indeed difficult for women to be unmarked since the continuous knots are in place for marked perceptions, actions, and ideas. It is like a continued cycle of being ‘marked’ and curtailed with only several moves that will also still connote the same thing – being ‘marked’. This is one argument as to why women cannot be considered or classified as unmarked. However, thinkers who see such scenario often attest and complain about the particular setup of things. Though it may be wrong to associate them to feminist, but somehow these people are often pointed toward such orientation due to its overall principle – equality for both men and women. It is through this that several people sought to argue that ‘unmarking’ of women in society is possible. The article points out several scholars who argue how men have and society continued to tolerate such status of women. Tannen stresses in her article that â€Å"language and culture are particularly unfair in treating women as the marked case because biologically it is the male that is marked† (p. 1) He cited several works of Fasold who advocated an alternative approach in explaining that indeed men are the ones who are ‘marked’ contrary to the original notion. One example cited by Tannen in Fasold’s study includes the notion concerning genetics and says that biologically males are the ones that are really ‘marked’. Tannen says that â€Å"while two X chromosomes make a female, two Y chromosomes make nothing. Like the linguistic markers s, es or ess, the Y chromosome doesnt mean anything unless it is attached to a root form an X chromosome† (p. 1) Pursuing Fasold’s ideas further, he again pointed several important reasons as to why women should not be considered ‘marked’. Tannen stipulated that â€Å"Fasold points out that girls are born with fully female bodies, while boys are born with modified female bodies. † (p. 1) Lastly, Fasold points out his argument by making establishing a possible relationship with biology and language. Tannen points out that â€Å"if language reflected biology, grammar books would direct us to use she to include males and females and he only for specifically male referents. † (p. 1) Arguing on this matter, Tannen clearly dismisses the claim of Fasold’s due to his inability to strike a relationship between his study in biological makeup of man and man’s sociological makeup. Yes, it can be argued that Fasold’s argument may hold water, however there is a huge differences in perspective on how to view the issue. Biological makeup/component for that matter is more standardized with a definitive value for everything. However, with regards to sociology and gender, there is a diverse and multiple levels of interpretations that can be made to ascertain an occurrence of something. Establishing such difference, Tannen contends with the argument of Fasold’s by focusing that the parameters of biology differ in scope compared to language particularly in the realm of using the term ‘he’ or ‘she’. Tannen points out that â€Å"use of he as the sex-indefinite pronoun is an innovation introduced into English by grammarians in the 18th and 19th centuries, according to Peter Muhlhausler and Rom Harre in Pronouns and People† (p. 1) By establishing such argument, it was mentioned that the ‘she’ word again is marked. It is through this that the argument pertaining to women can be unmarked remains to be bleak and difficult to achieve. However, I am not saying that it is unattainable, but it will take a radical effort for women to achieve such status. Even the author attests the difficulty. If ever you fight for something that will challenge the status quo, labeling shall be given to you – feminist, male basher, etc. This in turn again promotes the process of being ‘marked’ for women. In the end, after careful analysis of arguments, it can be justified that there are no unmarked women. Women may strive for such status, however such endeavor may only be futile since even the author of the article attested its relative difficulty and grasp among females. Tannen said that â€Å"I felt sad to think that we women didnt have the freedom to be unmarked that the men sitting next to us had. † (p. 1) In the end, the only scenario is accepting the fact that women shall be subject to being ‘marked’. The only thing that they can do is create an environment where their ‘mark’ is more on the positive side compared to a degenerative idea. Work Cited Tannen, Deborah. Marked Women, Unmarked Men in The New York Times Magazine 1993 accessed 14 April 2008

Moon Landing Exploratory Essay Essay Example for Free

Moon Landing Exploratory Essay Essay The space race, during the Cold War, all started with the launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1. Although this shiny piece of metal ball sent meaningless â€Å"beep-beep† signals back to earth, it had a profound effect on the thinking of citizens and government around the globe, especially on the United States. As tensions and pressures were building, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was created in 1958, to bring competing military space programs into one effort. Soon, they developed the rockets, built the space capsules and satellites, and hired astronauts to become space men. In addition, the United States government realized there was a new frontier to be explored: the moon. As a result, putting a man on the moon became an official governmental priority and the Apollo moon-landing program was established. In 1969, astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the first humans to walk on the moon. Controversies about the moon landing began shortly after when Bill Kaysing, a moon hoax investigator, published We never went to the Moon: America’s Thirty Billion Swindle in 1974. In addition, an organization called the Flat Earth Society, was the first to accuse NASA of faking the moon landing. Soon after, more and more people, like scientists, professors or amateurs became concerned and wanted the find out the answer: if the moon landing of 1969 was a hoax or a real event. There are five general claims regarding the falsity of the lunar success, each having their own significant proponents and evidences. However, the source of all conspiracies derives from Bill Kaysing. In John Moffet’s FOX documentary: Conspiracy Theory: Did we Land on the Moon? , Bill Kaysing shows strong beliefs that the moon landing was not real due to the following reasons: â€Å"despite the clarity of deep space, the starts were missing from dark lunar skies,† â€Å"the American flag was waving even though there was no ir on the moon,† and â€Å"there was no blast crater beneath the lunar lander† (Moffet). In addition, in Phillip C. Plait’s book, Bad Astronomy: Misconceptions and Misuses Revealed, from Astrology to the Moon Landing â€Å"Hoax,† many other conspiracy theorists argue that the incredibly high temperature of the Moon should have killed the astronauts and the play of light and shadows in the surface indicates that the photos a re faked (Plait 157). These theories all state that the entire world was deceived by the NASA administration and probable the United States government for them to gain the pride and prestige between the lunar landing events. Regardless of the conspiracy theories and the evidences, 94% of the United States population believes the moon landing was a real event, according to Frank Newport’s article, â€Å"Landing a Man on the Moon: The Public’s View. † In Tony Phillip’s article, â€Å"The Great Moon Hoax,† theories are debunked with explanations. He first explains why the pictures taken from the moon did not have stars. He states: â€Å"its difficult to capture something very bright and something else very dim on the same piece of film-typical emulsions† as they â€Å"don’t have enough ‘dynamic setting’† (Phillips). Then he explains why the flags waved despite vacuumed area: â€Å"Not every waving flag needs a breeze-at least not in space. When astronauts were planting the flagpole they rotated it back and forth to better penetrate the lunar soil† (Philips). The article also provides new evidence against the conspiracy theory: the moon rock, Big Muley. In moon rocks, there are isotopes that cannot be found on Earth. â€Å"Even if scientists wanted to make something like a Moon rock by, say, bombarding an Earth rock with high energy atomic nuclei, they couldnt† (Phillips). In addition, Phillip C. Plait agrees with Tony Phillips and comes to the same conclusions. For example he states there are no stars in the picture because, â€Å"The stars are too faint to be seen in the images† (Plait 159). However, unlike Tony Phillips, Plait explains the scientific reasons in depth. He claims astronauts have survived the incredibly high temperature of the Moon due to simple date counting. He explains, â€Å"Moon spins on its axis once every 27 days †¦ [which] means †¦ two weeks of sunlight and two weeks of darkness†¦ the surface doesn’t heat up the instant the sunlight touches it†¦It takes days for the lunar surface to get to its high temperature†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Plait 166). The author of the paper believes the moon landing of 1969 really happened. The main reasons coming to this conclusion s that the lies could not be told by such huge amount of people and the theories can be all explained and understood with a little studying on physics and astronomy. If this were a hoax, more than a handful of people would have spoken up the secret. The author of this paper also believes that the photos and the films from NASA are real evidences, but have been misinterpret ed due to the lack of knowledge on astronomy and physics. This topic still remains to be debated over because the moon landing was one of the magnificent scientific developments in world history.

Person Vs Human: What Makes A Man?

Person Vs Human: What Makes A Man? What makes up a man? This is the philosophical question mainly explored in an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation, entitled The Measure of a Man. In this episode, a formal hearing is held to debate whether or not Lieutenant Commander Data, an android who has been a long-time member of the Star Fleet, has the right to refuse undergoing a risky scientific experiment. The scientist who wishes to perform the procedure, named Bruce Maddox, claims that Data is not entitled to the right to refuse because Data, simply put, is a piece of technology. As a result, he claims that it would be absurd to entitle a thing to the same rights that a human being has. On the other hand, Captain Picard, a fellow crew member who sees Data as an equal, argues otherwise. He states that despite how Data technically isnt human, he is entitled to the same rights because he demonstrates the core qualities of human being, such as intelligence and self-awareness. A difficult decision must now be made: to all ow Data to refuse the procedure by acknowledging that he has the right to be regarded as a sentient being like a fellow human being, or to simply see Data as a piece of property without any rights and all of his human-like acts as being mere imitations and a complex system of if-then clauses. Though Data, being an android, is obviously not a human being, the episode ultimately raises the question of to what extent must an individual, or even a piece of technology, exhibit to be seen as an equal-a level that we, as human beings, recognize in each other? Captain Picards arguments focus more on how Data is a person rather than how he is not a biological human being, and that persons maintain certain rights. Commonly, most people today use the terms human and person interchangeably. However with deeper examination, it can been acknowledged that a person and a human being are not entirely same. A human being refers to people in a more a biological sense; being a human being merely implies that you are of the species homo sapiens. On the other hand, being a person signifies that you are a sentient being with a level of conscience. As a result of demonstrating these qualities, a person is to be regarded as one who is entitled to certain rights, a level of moral respect, and, ultimately, a right to life. And since being a person is different from being a biological human, it can be assumed that anyone, even an android such as Data, may be entitled to the rights that a person has; just because of the fact that one is not a homo sapien does not mean he is disqualified from the holding the moral respect a person deserves. Furthermore, it should be noted that not all human beings are persons, for an individual must have a level of rationality or consciousness to be regarded as a person. Maddox points out that a debate would not be taking place if it had been a computer or a toaster that had refused to undergo the procedure. But he failed to consider the fact that a toaster or a computer does not maintain a level of rationality or consciousness, hence not entitling it to the moral rights that a person is accorded with. Things that have failed to demonstrate these qualities, including certain human beings, are not viewed as persons, hence not entitled to these rights. For instance, a boy who is stuck in a permanently vegetative state and does not demonstrate any signs of brain activity may be regarded as a human being, but not a person. As a result, if it were decided that he would euthanized, there would be as much uproar as there would be if it had been boy had been severely injured, but still consciou s, because he would still be regarded as a person. Hence, it becomes evident that being human is not what determines whether or not someone like Data is a person, but the level of consciousness that one, whether he is a human or android or Klingon, exhibits. Captain Picard argues that it does not matter that Data is an android because the species of an individual does not determine his personhood. During his argument, Picard states three characteristics that determine whether or not an individual is to be regarded as a person: intelligence, self-awareness, and consciousness. The trial ends in Picards favor because Data demonstrates to a degree all of these traits, and the fact that Data is an android does not work against his favor. It is ruled that as a result of demonstrating these characteristics, Data is ultimately deserves the moral respect that every person does. Conclusively, it becomes clear that being human does not automatically entitle an individual with the rights of a person, but the level of rationality or consciousness.

Pro-Anorexia Websites Essay -- Eating Disorders Pro-ana Internet

Pro-Anorexia Websites Cyberspace, something that was once considered a fad, has developed into a tool that allows people struggling with anorexia to potentially find a sanctuary from the regulatory systems in popular culture that are applied to women’s bodies. Cyberspace provides an alternative space for women with eating disorders or body issues. The space created by cyberspace is potentially safer for women to meet because it allows anonymity while simultaneously being part of a community that the built environment is unable to provide. The components that make up pro-anorexia websites are usually considered abnormal, repugnant, or deviant within popular culture, because popular culture does not accept the way anorexics interpret images of the body. This popular view of people with anorexia does not allow anorexics to function as an accepted part of public space or popular culture. The paradox of pro-anorexia websites serving as a sanctuary space for anorexics is that cyberspace is a public space. Since the pro-anorexia websites are public they not only serve as a sanctuary for women, but also act as a metaphor for the anorexic body. The anorexic body is a site of struggle and resistance, which is also true for the pro-anorexia website which is constantly threatened with being shut down because it is in opposition of the popular view of the body. In this paper, I explore the type of space that pro-anorexia websites create through the analysis of the components that most of these websites contain, such as, a warning page, definitions of eating disorders, discussion boards, ana doctrines, and â€Å"thinspiration† galleries. Pro-anorexia, also known as pro-ana, websites are a genre of websites ... ...s into the anorexic psyche and body. The websites are sites of contradictions, much like the anorexic psyche and body. They allow non-sufferers a new perspective on eating disorders, but also reveal some of the mixed messages presented everyday in popular culture. Works Cited â€Å"Ambrosia Refusal.† Home page. 06 December 2003. . â€Å"Ana’s Journal.† Home page. 08 December 2003. . â€Å"An Ana World.† Home page. 06 December 2003. . â€Å"The Anorexic Files.† Home page. 06 December 2003. . â€Å"House-of-Sins.† Home page. 06 December 2003. . â€Å"Rain Baby.† Home page. 06 December 2003. .

What It Means To Be Australian :: essays research papers

What It Means To Be an Australian Australia is a very unique place, along with our multiculturalism there is also a strong heritage surrounding us. At first thought of Australian heritage we think about such landmarks as Uluru, The Sydney harbour bridge and The Sydney opera house, The Great Barrier reef and other internationally recognised places. But our heritage goes much deeper than that; it is far more than outstanding icons. Along with these icons there are also unsung places like the old cattle stations, Aboriginal missions, migrant hostels, War memorials, our unique wetlands and the towns and cities we have built. Adding all of these things together, helps to tell the story of who we are and how we have shaped this land in the unique identity it has today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But familiar landmarks and also the unfamiliar ones aren't the whole make-up of Australia's heritage. It's the people that make a difference. Australia is made up of people from all walks of life who have migrated here for different reasons. Among these, the most common migrants are from Greece, Italy, Russia and Asia. Australia is made up of material culture: the places and objects, but also Living culture: In forms such as Music, Crafts, Literature etc. It is an interplay between international cultures and beliefs, the claims of nationalism and ethnic and religious traditions, as well as the local and community priorities that’s make up the unique Australian heritage. The Aboriginal people of Australia were here thousands of years before European settlement and we forced them to adapt to the changes of environment around them. This change might be for better or worse, but we will never find out. But with the European settlement came the birth of industry, agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, manufacture, electricity, gas and water just to name a few.

Analysis of The Communist Manifesto Essay -- Karl Marx, marxism, Bourg

Karl Marx (1818-1883) was one of the most influential thinkers and writers of modern times. Although it was only until after his death when his doctrine became world know and was titled Marxism. Marx is best known for his publication, The Communist Manifesto that he wrote with Engels; it became a very influential for future ideologies. A German political philosopher and revolutionary, Karl Marx was widely known for his radical concepts of society. This paper give an analysis of â€Å"The Manifesto† which is a series of writings to advocate Marx ‘s theory of struggles between classes. I will be writing on The Communist Manifesto, published in 1848, which lays down his theories on socialism and Communism. The Manifesto has four sections. In the first section, it discusses Communism, and the theory of history and the relationship between Proletarians and Bourgeoisie. The second section explains the relationship between the Communists and the proletarians. The third sections addressed the flaws in other previous socialist literature. The final section discusses the relationship between the Communists and other The Communist Manifesto describes how as history society matured so did the history of class conflicts. Claiming that every society is essentially divided into the oppressors and the oppressed (126). Marx will explain in the past, societies were organized in more complex combinations and hierarchies, but modern society is being split into two ‘hostile camps’ (128). He saw he bourgeoisie as nothing more than millionaires who sought to profit with the Industrial Revolution and the begging of globalization. Doing so at the expense of the proletariats, which can be explained as the working or lower class. Today we can compare the b... ...in equality would be through socialist system. Abolishing private property that only adds to the bourgeoisie’s capital furthering their power. The working class is nothing more than human capital, â€Å"the means of production within a society both engenders and controls them, making them slaves to the production of goods†. He advocated that communism is the only alternative to escape this system. Thought is a product of matter and without; there would be no separate ideas. Equally comes from placing society† his or her according ability and to each according to their need†. Works Cited http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1852/germany/index.htmWritten: 1851-1852;†¨First Published: New York Tribune, 1851-1852, as book, 1896;†¨Edited: Eleanor Marx Aveling;†¨Transcribed: Sally Ryan 1999;†¨HTML Markup: Sally Ryan 1999;†¨ Proofed and corrected: Mark Harris 2010.

Challenging Behavior

Challenging Behavior Case Study Essay Module 1 essay submitted by Charles LaRocca Under the IDEA act, there is a greater responsibility to provide a positive learning environment for all students not just those with disabilities. IDEA is the vehicle that drives special education policies and procedures throughout the nation. Before IDEA, there was a very myopic view for teaching students with disabilities. In the past special education teachers provided instruction to their students in the classroom with little or no input from other teachers. Today, students with disabilities are more inclusive in the general curriculum and their education is a cooperative collaborative effort. In almost any public school today, you will observe the special education teacher sitting in the general education teachers classroom (CC) collaborating and engaging with their students. The teacher’s expanded role because of IDEA to ensure a conducive environment for learning for all students is evident in the case study challenging behavior. My first impression is that Ms. Allison has other special education students in her room since she has a teaching assistant. I mention this only to further illustrate that general education teachers have an increasing role as members of IEP teams in the collaboration process. In the case study, the teacher, Ms. Allison has identified Leonard’s challenging behavior which is the first step before a functional behavioral assessment can be implemented. By simply moving his seat to the back of the room will not do any good in effectively intervening or preventing his behavior. The teacher has taken the next step in her referral by listing in concrete and clear terms examples of Leonard’s challenging behavior. She has collected data as to when it occurs by observing his behavior in different settings and during different types of activities. The teacher has collected enough data to form the opinion that Leonard’s challenging behavior is a result of ADHD. She has demonstrated that is behavior is affecting his learning and is interfering with the learning of his/her peers. In this case study, all of the IDEA rights and requirements are met for an IEP team to begin to devise a plan for conducting a functional behavioral assessment. The team must explore the need for strategies and support systems to address any behavior that may impede the learning of the child with the disability or the learning of his or her peers (614 (d)(3)(b)(I); The fact that Leonard’s parents refuse testing and refuse the consent for special education services means that he is subject to the same disciplinary actions as those who receive no special services. He has no IEP, therefore he would not be protected under the IDEA act that addresses any disciplinary actions by school personnel. In response to certain disciplinary actions by school personnel, the IEP team must within 10 days, meet to formulate a functional behavioral assessment plan to collect data for developing a behavior intervention plan, or if a behavior intervention plan already exists, the team must review and revise it (as necessary), to ensure that it addresses the behavior upon which disciplinary action is predicated (615)(k)(1)(b). In this case the role of the parent and their consent is an important part of the IEP team by refusing to sign the child will receive no services. However, if the school district wants to go to due process in over -turning the parent’s decision they may do so but in my opinion that is not very likely unless they can prove his behavior is a threat to himself and to others. Challenging Behavior Challenging Behavior Case Study Essay Module 1 essay submitted by Charles LaRocca Under the IDEA act, there is a greater responsibility to provide a positive learning environment for all students not just those with disabilities. IDEA is the vehicle that drives special education policies and procedures throughout the nation. Before IDEA, there was a very myopic view for teaching students with disabilities. In the past special education teachers provided instruction to their students in the classroom with little or no input from other teachers. Today, students with disabilities are more inclusive in the general curriculum and their education is a cooperative collaborative effort. In almost any public school today, you will observe the special education teacher sitting in the general education teachers classroom (CC) collaborating and engaging with their students. The teacher’s expanded role because of IDEA to ensure a conducive environment for learning for all students is evident in the case study challenging behavior. My first impression is that Ms. Allison has other special education students in her room since she has a teaching assistant. I mention this only to further illustrate that general education teachers have an increasing role as members of IEP teams in the collaboration process. In the case study, the teacher, Ms. Allison has identified Leonard’s challenging behavior which is the first step before a functional behavioral assessment can be implemented. By simply moving his seat to the back of the room will not do any good in effectively intervening or preventing his behavior. The teacher has taken the next step in her referral by listing in concrete and clear terms examples of Leonard’s challenging behavior. She has collected data as to when it occurs by observing his behavior in different settings and during different types of activities. The teacher has collected enough data to form the opinion that Leonard’s challenging behavior is a result of ADHD. She has demonstrated that is behavior is affecting his learning and is interfering with the learning of his/her peers. In this case study, all of the IDEA rights and requirements are met for an IEP team to begin to devise a plan for conducting a functional behavioral assessment. The team must explore the need for strategies and support systems to address any behavior that may impede the learning of the child with the disability or the learning of his or her peers (614 (d)(3)(b)(I); The fact that Leonard’s parents refuse testing and refuse the consent for special education services means that he is subject to the same disciplinary actions as those who receive no special services. He has no IEP, therefore he would not be protected under the IDEA act that addresses any disciplinary actions by school personnel. In response to certain disciplinary actions by school personnel, the IEP team must within 10 days, meet to formulate a functional behavioral assessment plan to collect data for developing a behavior intervention plan, or if a behavior intervention plan already exists, the team must review and revise it (as necessary), to ensure that it addresses the behavior upon which disciplinary action is predicated (615)(k)(1)(b). In this case the role of the parent and their consent is an important part of the IEP team by refusing to sign the child will receive no services. However, if the school district wants to go to due process in over -turning the parent’s decision they may do so but in my opinion that is not very likely unless they can prove his behavior is a threat to himself and to others.

Enthalpy change and Hess’s law. Essay

Introduction: Enthalpy is the total energy of a system, some of which is restored as chemical potential energy in the chemical bonds. During reactions, bonds are broken and formed. As a result, all reactions are accompanied by a change in the potential energy of the bonds, and hence an enthalpy change. This enthalpy change of reaction can be measured and is given the symbol H. The temperature of a system is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles present. Therefore, during a reaction, as bonds are broken and formed, there is a change in this average kinetic energy and this will result in a change in the temperature of the system. On the other hand, heat is the measure of the total energy of the substance. When the temperature of a substance increases or decreases, heat energy is absorbed or released from the environment. In order to measure this change in temperature, the following formula can be used:- Heat energy = m.C.T †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦where, m= mass of the substance C= specific heat capacity T= change in temperature Aim of experiment: – This particular experiment focuses on Hess’s law. Hess’s law states that the total enthalpy change on converting a given set of reactants to a particular set of products is constant, irrespective of the way in which the change is carried out. For this experiment, the conversion of NaOH to NaCl by two different routes was used and the change in enthalpy for each path was measured to test Hess’s law. Route one: – NaOH + 2M HCl 2M NaCl 2M NaCl + H2O 1M NaCl Route two: – NaOH + H2O 2M NaCl 2M NaOH + 2M HCl 1M NaCl Materials: – beakers, NaOH, 2M HCl, stopwatch, thermometer, pipettes, measuring cylinder Methods: – for the first route, 4g of NaOH was weighed. Then using a measuring cylinder 50 ml of 2M of HCl was measured and poured into a can. A thermometer was used to record the temperature of the hydrochloric acid in the can. Afterwards NaOH was added into the can. Using stopwatch and a thermometer the change in temperature was measured as 2M of NaCl was being formed. Once the temperature of the 2M NaCl was stable, 50 ml of water was added to change the sodium chloride into 1M of NaCl. Using stopwatch and thermometer the change in temperature was recorded. For the second route, 4g of NaOH was weighed. Then to form 2M of NaOH, 50 ml of water was added. A thermometer and stopwatch was used to monitor the change in temperature. Then 50ml of HCl was measured. Then its temperature was measured. These two solutions were then mixed together in a can. The temperature change was measured using a thermometer and stopwatch. Results for route one. In table1.1, the temperatures of NaOH and 2M HCl before the reaction began were 22.5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½c. In table1.2, the temperature of 2M NaCl was 57.5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½c before 50ml of water was added to it. Graph 1.2 temperature changes when 50 ml of water was added to 2M of NaCl to form 1M of NaCl. Results for route two. After 50ml of water was added to 4g of NaOH to form 2M of NaOH, it had a temperature of 32.4à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½c. On the other hand, 2M of HCl had a temperature of 22.5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.1 cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. For table 1.3 the beginning temperature of these two reactants is the mean value of their temperature that is 27.4à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½c. This was done because there was not enough time to wait until both reactants reach the same temperature. Table 1.4 temperature changes during the addition of 50ml of water to 4 g of NaOH to form 2M of NaOH. Table 1.3 temperature changes during the reaction of 2M of NaOH with 2M of HCl to form 1M of NaCl. Graph 1.3 temperature changes during the reaction of 2M of NaOH with 2M of HCl to form 1M of NaCl. Graph 1.4 temperature changes during the addition of 50ml of water to 4 g of NaOH to form 2M of NaOH. Discussion To test Hess’s law the temperature change in each of the routes during the reaction can be used. The formula for heat change, which is found in the introduction section of this report, is also useful. For this particular experiment, water that is the byproduct in the formation of sodium chloride is used as a way of finding the enthalpy change. The density of water is taken to be 1g/ml and is used to determine the mass of the solutions. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 (g-1k-1). Route one: – To form 2M of NaCl the change in temperature () was 71.6 – 22.5= 49.1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½c. The mass of the solution of NaOH and 2M of HCl was found to be 50g by using the density of water as 1g/ml and the volume of the solution being 50ml. change in enthalpy is:- Heat change= m. c. = = 10.2 KJ The change in enthalpy in changing 2M of NaCl to 1M of NaCl can be calculated in the same way where the mass of the solution becomes 100 g when 50 ml of water is added. The change in temperature was -17.6 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½c. Heat change= m. c. = = -7.3 KJ The sum of the two changes in enthalpy will give a value of 2.9 KJ. Route two: – the change in temperature in forming 2M of NaOH from NaOH was 9.9à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½c. To do this 50 ml of water was added and the mass of the solution was 50 g. using the formula the change in enthalpy can be calculated as follows:- Heat change= m. c. = = 2.0 KJ Once 2M of NaOH was formed, 50ml of 2M of HCl was added to form 1M of NaCl, which is the final product. The change in temperature was 8.5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½c. The mass was 100g and the change in enthalpy was Heat change= m. c. = = 3.5 KJ The sum of the two changes of enthalpy is 5.5 KJ. Conclusion: – The change in enthalpy for the formation of 1M of NaCl using route one was 2.9 KJ. Using route two it was 5.5 KJ. There is a significant difference of 2.6 KJ. This shows that the experiment done did not prove the Hess’s law effectively. This may be due to certain factors that will be discussed below. Limitation: – There could be lose of heat to the surrounding environment that can have vital effect on the results of the experiment. Human error and mistake matter in this kind of experiment. Instead of using a simple thermometer appropriate can be used. Improvements:- the use of data pro logger or calorimeter can minimize the human and device error in measuring temperature and can be better than simple thermometer. Using insulator such as Styrofoam cups to prevent heat from escaping to the surrounding.

Informative Speech on Rwandan Genocide Outline

Ben Johnson Intro to Comm. 1320-04 11/8/12 Rwandan Genocide General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: To share with the class that the Rwandan Genocide was a brutal genocide that most people know little about. Thesis: The Rwandan Genocide is one of the lesser known, quickest, and most inhumane genocides this world has ever seen, and it is still affecting the people of Rwanda till this day. Organizational Pattern: Topical Introduction I. Attention Getter: What some people do not know is that Rwanda was home to the most brutal genocide this world has ever seen.There is a book of testimonies where the survivors of the Rwandan genocide told their story of their struggle to survive called, Survival Against the Odds. There was one survivor named Dephrosa, and this is a quote from her testimony. â€Å"They brought us all in the sitting room and started forcing us to take our clothes off. The housekeeper rapped me. My husband wanted to intervene but they staved him off by hitting him wit h a masus [a club with nails] on his neck. He fell back in the chair. the husband was not killed right away they kept him alive to watch multiple men rape his wife and daughters for several days until they finally killed him. II. Connection: I am not here to tell you my opinion about how the Untied States, the Untied Nations, or the world should have handled this historical tragedy. I am here to share with you what had happened to three-quarters of the Tutsi race in Rwanda. III. Thesis Statement: The Rwandan Genocide is one of the lesser known, quickest, and most inhumane genocides this world has ever seen and it is still affecting the people of Rwanda till this day. Related reading: Informative Speech About AfricaIV. Transition: When most people think about genocide the first thing that comes to their mind is the Holocaust, but what a lot of people don't know is that the Holocaust wasn't the worst mass murder our Earth has seen. Body I. The Rwandan genocide is one of the fastest but less known genocides we have on record. A. The genocide lasted only 100 days from April 6, 1994 through July 16, 1994 which makes it one of the shortest genocides in history. 1. President Hayarimana was assassinated in the beginning of April 1994 and that was the start of the genocide. . It is believed by many, that Hutu rebels shot down the presidents plane for a reason to start the mass murders, but has never been proven. 2. Only hours after the assassination, the killings began. a. A quote from an article called100 Days Of Slaughter published by PBS says, † The International Red Cross estimates that tens, perhaps hundreds of thousands of Rwandans are now dea d by April 21, 1994. † B. An estimated 800,00 to 1,000,000 Tutsis and some moderate Hutus were slaughtered during the genocide. 1.Kathy Robinson a Holocaust and Genocide Professor stated that, † 6 men, women, and children were murdered every minute of every hour of everyday for 3 months. † 2. Three-quarters of all Tutsis in Rwanda were murdered during the genocide. II. The Hutu's didn't just kill the Tutsis, they dehumanized and murdered them in the most inhumane ways imaginable. A. The propaganda that the Hutus used to influence people into believing that the Tutsis were worthless and were better off dead. B. The weapons the hutus used to murder hundreds of thousands of Tutsis. C. The Hutu's used rape to torture, humiliate, and infect the Tutsis with HIV. . Rape wasn't just a weapon used to infect the women with HIV; the husbands were forced to watch their wives and daughters get rapped by several Hutu men. a. A quote by a Rwandan survivor named Aline, â€Å"My f ather had to watch us being raped and abused. My mother was raped, then my sister and then me. My father was forced to watch. He couldn't move, not even look away. † 2. The interahamwe (a militia group part of the genocide) paid HIV positive men to rape Tutsi women, so the women that weren't killed by a masus or another weapon would die from disease. 3. Up to 20,000 children were born due to the rapes that occurred in Rwanda.D. Many of the Tutsis neighbors and city officials were Hutus, so they had no one to turn to but their fellow Tutsis who were just as frightened as everyone else. 1. In a book called, Survival Against the Odds, where 11 year old Valentina tells her story and there was a quote from Sylvestre Gacumbitsi (the Mayor of her city), â€Å"He shouted: â€Å"We are the interahamwe. We are about to eliminate every Tutsi so that in the future no-one will even know what a Tutsi looked like. If anyone is hiding in this church by mistake, because really he or she is a Hutu, they should tell me now. † E.I have told you about the Rwandan genocide and how the Tutsi people suffered during the genocide. I will now share with you their struggles they continue to go through years after the genocide ended. III. How even though the genocide has been over for about eighteen years it is still hurting people today? A. The Rwandan women are facing many problems still to this day. 1. 60,000 Rwandan women are now widows. 2. 7 in 10 survivors make less than 5000 Rwandan Francs ( only 8 American dollars) a month. 3. Many women are unable to live in the city or villages they grew up because of the humiliation of being publicly raped. . The Rwandan women are also faced to look after orphaned children when they are hardly able to support themselves. a. Many of the children the women will take care of will be orphaned a second time due to HIV and AIDs. B. There are now 200,000 orphans in Rwanda due to the genocide. 1. Most of the children do not have homes. 2. Over half of the children have stopped going to school because of poverty. 3. Many of the children that are orphaned have brothers and sisters that are younger and are forced to take over the responsibility of their parents. C. HIV and AIDs are plaguing many of the people in Rwanda today. 1. 7% of women were infected with HIV and AIDs during the genocide. 2. There are currently 250,000 children in Rwanda who have been orphaned as a result of HIV/AIDs. a. Thats 2. 5% of the total population of Rwanda who's parents died from AIDs. 3. 27,000 children under the age of 15 are living with HIV/AIDs. D. Now that I have told you how many Rwandan people are still suffering from the genocide that happened 18 years ago I will go on and review what I have shared with you. Conclusion I. Review of Thesis/Main Points: I have told you about the rwandan genocide, how brutal it was, and how it is still affecting the rwandan people to this day.This tragedy will affect Rwanda for many years to come. II . Connection: Rwanda isn't the most well-known genocide but as you heard to day it is the most inhumane genocide to date. III. Final Memorable Remarks: No matter what happens in this our world there is no reason that any race of people should go through such a horrific event and we should learn from our mistakes so maybe in the future we will be able to stop genocide before it happens to save many lives. References â€Å"BBC NEWS | Africa | Rwanda: How the genocide happened. † BBC News – Home. N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Nov. 2012.

Widespread use of renewable energy

The first oil daze in 1973 raised worldwide concern about dwindling energy supplies. High oil monetary value was a mark of depletion worldwide energy beginnings. Since 1960s no large oil resources have been discovered in the universe. It suggested that universe oil production will make its extremum within one or two decennaries ( Lauber, 2005 ) . The rise in oil monetary values besides affected the developing states ‘ development programs, which demand big sums of energy for their early procedure of industrialisation. For developed states, the fluctuation in oil monetary values caused economic and societal jobs such as unemployment, trade shortages and higher rising prices due to their great dependence on oil import ( Seitz, 2008 ) . Since the industrialised revolution the ingestion of universe energy has been uninterrupted. With the modern-day universe population growing, energy demand is lifting at a rapid rate, particularly in many developing states with a deficiency of reso urces on their ain land. It is predicted that between 1997 and 2020 energy demand will increase 60 per centum, 120 per centum growing will happen in developing states, particularly in Asia ( Hill, 2004 ) . If this tendency continued, the environmental jobs would necessarily deteriorate even farther. As a considerable proportion of the universe energy, fossil fuels account for the premier beginnings of C dioxide emanations, which are chief subscribers to the planetary heating. Acid rain concentrated by acerb gases from fossil fuels, amendss ecosystems and corrodes human edifices. It is going a terrible job in Asia with the turning ingestion of fossil fuels as the procedure of industrialisation accelerates ( Seitz, 2008 ) . The quickly spread outing usage of gasoline-powered vehicles could do terrible urban smog and spit little particulates, which are the greatest menace to people ‘s wellness ( Jaccard, 2005 ) . Sanderson and Islam ( 2007 ) maintain that the way of economic development necessarily caused environmental jobs related to the overly usage of environmental resources and clime can besides impact some sectors of the economic system such as H2O resources, agribusiness, conv eyance and touristry, which are vulnerable to climate alteration. In general there are three major solutions for the turning energy demand and world-wide environmental jobs, each of which has its attractive forces. First fossil fuels can be used more cleanly and expeditiously, which could lend to a decrease in energy strength and cut down the emanations of nursery gases. Energy preservation can take consequence in short term and straight execute on present energy system without great passage. The economic system in the United States increased 30 per centum while the oil ingestion declined 20 per centum between 1977 and 1985 because the state used energy much more expeditiously ( Seitz, 2008 ) . Second, atomic power emits no air pollution which could greatly turn to the environmental jobs. France shifted to atomic as its major power of electricity in response to the energy crisis, and by 2005 it reached one of the universe highest rates by supplying 80 per centum of its electricity from atomic beginning ( ibid ) . Third renewable energy involves uni nterrupted energy beginnings and produces small pollution to the environment. There is immense potency in this new energy beginnings to run into much of the turning energy demand and bit by bit replace fossil fuels with equal support ( Middleton, 2003 ) . For every bit long as the planetary economic system continues to development and operate on the footing of limited energy supplies, the great demand for energy services in the hereafter would do terrible energy crisis. Increasing energy efficiency can assist to countervail the rise in energy demand, but it is improbable to turn to all the extra demands ( ibid ) . Furthermore, the environmental taint caused by fossil fuels will go on to necessitate options. Lauber ( 2005 ) maintains that while the present cost of salvaging one ton of C by increasing energy efficiency is well lower than by utilizing renewable energy to avoid emanations, renewable power will play a function in the long tally, energy efficiency can merely work out short term job. Besides the safety and atomic waste jobs, a important growing in atomic power usage would increase trust on imported U. Dependence on energy imports would still be a first job for states with a deficiency of resources. In add-on, the atomic begi nnings besides face energy crisis as it is shown that the known militias of U will merely last for 60 old ages by present counts. ( Traube, 2004, cited Lauber, 2005 ) . Therefore, renewable energy seems to be a better option based on its two outstanding advantages: infinite beginnings and small pollution. Renewable energy may be defined as energy generated from natural resources in the environment such as sunshine, air current, tides and geothermic heat, which are continuously replenished. Harmonizing to the definition renewable energy will ne'er run out. For this ground, renewable energy could be an ideal solution to the energy deficit job. Additionally, renewable energy does non bring forth pollution straight, which will relieve the serious planetary environmental impairment. Renewable energy is really already in widespread usage: approximately 20 per centum of universe ‘s electricity production comes from hydroelectric dikes ; in many developing states biomass provides the lone power for cookery and warming ; India and China both have primary air current power electricity programs, with 2,000 megawatt marks ; Some Middle Eastern states are seeking to research the H production powered by solar energy as a long-run option to dependence on exporting oil ; The large-scale federal authorities in the United States received increasing R & A ; D support for renewable energy after the 1974 oil daze ( Elliott, 1997 ) . The widespread usage of renewable energy in many states clearly shows that the publicity of renewable energy engineerings provides great advantages for both rich and hapless states. In industrialised states, solar or weave energy necessitate extremely skilled and knowledge-intensive employers, which will be an drift to a new occupation hunting inclination. Using biomass with more efficient engineerings for cookery and warming in developing states where the biomass is normally used inefficiently and prodigally can convey big benefits such as a decrease in deforestation. Examples are the widespread usage of improved wood and wood coal cooking ranges in Kenya every bit good as the production of ethyl alcohol from sugar cane in Brazil ( Aˆmann, Laumanns and Uh, 2006 ) . However, â€Å" one renewable beginning may bring forth small or no pollution, but have other inauspicious environmental and societal consequence † ( Hill, 2004, p.325 ) . Hydroelectric dikes generate low nursery gas emanations but affect both up- and down-stream ecosystems and coerce many people who live along the river into taking from their places. Solar power does non bring forth direct pollution. During the procedure of fabrication and transporting solar panels, energy storage and keeping machines, nevertheless, pollution will be generated. Renewable energy has to confront three challenges in its practical application. First, the beginnings of energy are non uninterrupted. For illustration solar power can non be accumulated at dark and lupus erythematosus is generated on cloudy or showery yearss with small sunshine ( Hill, 2004 ) . The job with air current power is that the air current may non be blowing when and where it is needed. Therefore the large-scale storage of solar and weave energy is necessary and needs both proficient and fiscal support. Second, renewable energy has comparatively low energy denseness. Take the instance of solar energy, to run into the big energy demand, big countries of land are required to be covered with solar panels. Harmonizing to the US Electric Power Research Institute, to run into 25 per centum of America ‘s electricity demand about 6000 square stat mis of solar farms, an country peers to the Connecticut State, are needed ( Hill, 2004 ) . Biomass energy will confront the same ch allenge. Large land countries used for biomass energy demand to stay forested. This could do land-use struggles because the important growing of the universe ‘s population will necessitate increasing nutrient production and more land dedicated to agribusiness. There is a tradeoff between the two methods of land usage ( Jaccard, 2005 ) . The 3rd challenge involves inconvenient location of power workss. Large-scale solar power workss need to be located in countries with plentiful and long-time sunshine. The best air current power need the energy sites with reliable and strong air currents. These locations are normally far from energy ingestion centres. Transporting the power to clients requires substructures and complicated power line organisation. Peoples normally do non desire power lines near their places or schools and a deficiency of transporting substructures are all obstructions to the existent feasibleness. There are besides political and finicky barriers to the acceptance of renewable energy system. Many authoritiess prefer conventional fossil fuels to renewable energy â€Å" due to tradition, acquaintance, and the size, economic strength, and political clout of the conventional energy industries † ( Geller, 2002, p. 43 ) . In developing states loans for building renewable energy undertakings have been rejected by the World Bank and many-sided development Bankss due to their little undertaking graduated table, strangeness with the engineerings and higher investing hazard ( Martinot, 2001, cited in Geller, 2002 ) . In decision, despite those barriers and disadvantages, the widespread usage of renewable energy meets the demands of sustainable development in a long term. Whether in footings of increasing energy efficiency, switching to atomic power or developing renewable energy beginnings, the future effects can non be evitable. Even though renewable power engineerings were in most instances non to the full competitory commercially and the switch to renewable energy system will take a long period, their costs had the possible to fall quickly, and by 2020 should be able to surpass fossil fuels ( Lauber, 2005 ) . Nuclear power was evaluated as being more expensive than renewable energy and as keeping small opportunity of cost decreases in the hereafter. At the present phase different beginnings should be used together and the development of renewable energy should be given more accent.MentionsAˆmann, Dirk, Laumanns, Ulrich and Uh, Dieter ( 2006 ) Renewable Energy: a planetary reappraisal of en gineerings, policies and markets London: Sterling, VA: Earthscan.Elliott, D. ( 1997 ) Energy, Society and Environment: Technology for a Sustainable Future. New York: Routledge.Geller, Howard ( 2002 ) Energy Revolution: Policies for a Sustainable Future. Washington, DC, USA: Island Press.Hill, Marquita K. ( 2004 ) Understanding Environmental Pollution ( 2nd ed. ) . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Jaccard, Mark Kenneth ( 2005 ) . Sustainable fossil fuels: the unusual suspect in the pursuit for clean and digesting energy Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Jamie Sanderson and Sardar M.N. Islam ( 2007 ) Climate alteration and economic development: SEA regional modeling and analysis. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Lauber, V. ( Ed. ) ( 2005 ) Switch overing to Renewable Power: A model for the twenty-first Century. London, GBR: Earthscan Publications.Middleton, Nick ( 2003 ) The planetary casino: an debut to environmental issues ( 3rd ed. ) London: Arnold.Seitz, J L ( 2008 ) Global Issues ( 3rd ed. ) . Blackwell: Malden MA ( USA ) .

World View Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World View - Essay Example Likewise, we see things to associate figures with their definitions in our minds. One can not actually know what sun is unless one sees it. We get to know only the much we see. When we know more than what we have seen, the knowledge essentially comes from others that have seen more than us. Humans use the senses they are naturally blessed with to know the world. In addition to this, religious knowledge comes from Holy books. What is really real, or the ultimate reality? In spiritual terms, really real is some thing that would never change and would never end, like the world hereafter. Life after death would never come to an end. It will continue forever. Therefore, that world would be really real. In fact, it is more rational to call that world the ultimate real. In worldly terms, really real is some thing that never changes. For example, a mother’s love for her baby is really real and remains as such throughout the life of their relationship. It is so real that one can not ex pect a mother to be unloving towards her children. Motherhood shows its reality not only in humans, but in every species of living creatures. Birds are possessive about their babies.

GLOBUS ENTERPRISES YEAR END BALANCES Assignment

GLOBUS ENTERPRISES YEAR END BALANCES - Assignment Example $81,200 and it is believed that it should be allotted either in attractive investments or transferred to retained profit account. The current ratio of 2.37 shows that the company has sufficient funds for fulfilling its liabilities and it should consider about decreasing the amount of current assets to a significant level so that there is proper balance between the assets and liabilities of short term period within the organization. This balance between the assets and liabilities would prove to be useful for the business in the long term and allow the organization to gain competitive advantage. The net working capital is an important indicator about the proper allocation of a company’s current assets and it is used to review the financial health of the company for one year. Considering the working capital of Globus Enterprises which is $86,800, it is a clear sign of the organization that it is in effective utilization of the company’s resources. It shows that the company has a positive working capital and has appropriate amount of liquid cash to meet the immediate monetary requirements of the business. Positive working capital for the business is a highly advantageous position for the business. Businesses require capital for expansion and other investments and positive working capital would assist the business in accomplishing such goals. It has to make sure that its working capital ratio is grown in an upward direction in upcoming years so that it does not have to face any sort of financial problem and it can smoothly run its business operations. The figure also ensures that it is able to pay off its current liabilities without any difficulty and it can even bear any expense required for the prepayments with convenience. Globus Enterprises has debt to equity ratio of 1.1 which is a good sign of the company’s internal health. For every organization, the ideal ratio is in between 1-2 and the company’s figure

Discuss the challenges that global warming presents to both Essay - 1

Discuss the challenges that global warming presents to both governments and business - Essay Example These businesses include those reliant on fossil fuels in production or others that produce products that are the source of carbon emissions themselves. However, since everything comes at a cost, businesses are reluctant to combat the challenges that are bringing climate change. Climate change in general has affected businesses in all the industries regardless of their size. The primary reason for this assertion is the fact that the world is largely dependent on fossil fuels, the burning of which results in CO2 emissions, for its energy needs. Chief science adviser to Tony Blair, Sir David King believed that climate change has even greater threats than those posed by terrorism (Carey, 2004). The immediate reaction, as to what should we do in this regard, would be to develop alternatives for fossil fuels. What those alternatives are is then the challenge for businesses and governments to address. John Carey in his cover story for Bloomberg Business Week believes that the idea is to cu t down on usage of fossil fuels and to develop energy efficient vehicles and factories (Carey, 2004). The main contributor to greenhouse gas emissions however remains the energy sector. Surprisingly, and for the greater good, businesses adopting methods to address these concerns are thriving. Climate Group, an effort by companies and governments, helps to share stories of corporate success. Michael Northrop from the Climate Group says, "It's impossible to find a company that has acted and has not found benefits" (Carey, 2004). Although evidence exists of the energy sector benefitting from changes, the challenge exists in changing the dimensions of the industry to accommodate environmentally friendly substitutes to fossil fuels. Many companies are however reluctant to invest the appropriate amount of both time and money to find the most viable alternatives to fossil fuels. Oil companies have been primarily responsible for greenhouse gas emissions and have allegedly failed to restrict their contribution in the name of profit (Monteleone, pp. 144-154, 2007). Thus, it then poses a question to governments as to what should policy be aimed at. The answer is not that simple as even that comes at cost. Limits on pollution in the form tradable permits are being sought as a solution by the EU and the US in an attempt to curb greenhouse emissions. CEO of Xcel Energy Inc. Mr Wayne H. Brunetti says that one solution would be to give the companies the chance to figure out a solution and to allow them to set goals for 50 years down the road. He also stresses on the need for flexibility and the need for cooperation between institutions (Carey, 2004). The concerns of governments and environmental activists however are not restricted to the energy sector. Intel Corporation, the world’s largest chipmaker has been under scrutiny for its contribution to climate change. The challenge then again for businesses is to look for substitutes.  Intel’s Stephen Harper says that the search for alternatives is still on and they are planning to find solutions to the growing concerns about climate change (Carey, 2004). Surprising enough is the contribution of animal farms to the greenhouse process. The contributions made by the animal agricultural sector to greenhouse gas em

Present situation analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Present situation analysis - Assignment Example The demand for aged care services is driven by strength of health facilities in a country. It has been evaluated that by the year 2026, demand for aged care services is to go up by 12000 to 20000 citizens (Grant Thorton, 2010). This is triggered by the expected rise in population by 20% between 2006 and 2026 (Grant Thorton, 2010). It has been estimated that population above the age of 65 shall go up to 944000 from 512000, showing a rise of about 84% (Grant Thorton, 2010). Such massive increment in aged population shall require a commensurate rise on the supply side and it is estimated that by 2026, there shall be a requirement of about 78-110% in aged care services in New Zealand (Grant Thorton, 2010). In the present scenario, aged care services generate insufficient revenues to support the projected infrastructure demand. The financial returns have been highly subsidized and there is a huge demand for increasing the existing facilities to build new capacities and replace outdated stock. The paper is aimed at making a comprehensive analysis of the present situation and future scope of the aged care service sector in New Zealand. It makes a service profile analysis, an environmental study and a Budget analysis to present a view of the current situation of aged care division in the country. The future strategies and models of care are devised on the basis of such analysis of dismal situation of older population care in the country. New Zealand is in need of a large scale revolution in the aged care division. The sector was highly unregulated with presence of untrained workforce in the division. The aged population needs a plan for individualised care, instead of the residential care model that had been followed until presently. The demand for residential care has as a result gone down. The aim of aged care in New Zealand is to lower usage of institutionalised care and move forward to expand alternatives in development